Amakuru

Imashini zipakira ntizishobora kongera umusaruro gusa, kugabanya imbaraga z'abakozi, ahubwo zishobora no guhuza n'ibikenewe mu musaruro munini no kuzuza ibisabwa mu isuku, bigatuma imashini zipakira ziba ingenzi mu bijyanye no gutunganya ibiribwa. Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1970, inganda z'imashini zipakira mu Bushinwa zatangiye, zifite agaciro k'umusaruro ku mwaka kangana na miliyoni 70 na 80 z'amayuani gusa n'ubwoko 100 bw'ibicuruzwa.

Muri iki gihe, inganda zikora imashini zipakira mu Bushinwa ntizishobora kugereranywa n’izo mu munsi umwe. Ubushinwa bwabaye igihugu kinini ku isi gitanga ibicuruzwa n’ibyohereza mu mahanga. Muri icyo gihe, icyerekezo mpuzamahanga cyibanze kandi ku isoko ry’ibipakira ry’Ubushinwa ritera imbere vuba, rinini kandi rishoboka. Uko amahirwe aba menshi, ni ko ipiganwa rirushaho gukomera. Nubwo urwego rw’ibicuruzwa by’inganda zikora imashini zipakira mu Bushinwa rwageze ku rwego rushya, icyerekezo cy’ibikoresho binini, byuzuye ndetse n’ibikoresho byikora byatangiye kugaragara, kandi ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu buhambaye n’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse nabyo byatangiye kugaragara. Dushobora kuvuga ko umusaruro w’imashini mu Bushinwa wujuje ibisabwa by’ibanze imbere mu gihugu kandi watangiye koherezwa mu mahanga muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo no mu bihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Ariko, kugira ngo isoko rigere ku byo isoko rikeneye, inganda z’imashini zipakira mu Bushinwa nazo zageze ku ihuriro, kandi impinduka n’impinduka mu nganda zipakira byabaye ikibazo kigomba kwitabwaho. Ni ikintu gisanzwe gitera imbere mu cyerekezo cy’umuvuduko mwinshi, imikorere myinshi n’ubwenge, kwerekeza ku muhanda ugezweho, kugera ku ntambwe z’ibihugu byateye imbere, no kugera ku isi yose.

Imashini zo gupakira ibiribwa mu Bushinwa ziri gutera imbere mu rwego rwo gukoresha ingufu nke no kugira ngo zikore neza cyane

Inganda zikora imashini zipfunyika mu Bushinwa zagaragaje iterambere rikomeye, kandi abakora imashini zipfunyika barimo kwita cyane ku iterambere ry’ibikoresho byo gupfunyika byihuse kandi bihendutse. Ibi bikoresho birimo gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cy’ibikoresho bito, byoroshye, bifite akamaro kenshi kandi bikora neza cyane. Byongeye kandi, hamwe na gahunda y’iterambere ry’inganda zikora imashini zitanga ibiribwa mu Bushinwa binyuze mu kwigana no gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga, bizakomeza kutuzanira ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko, kandi iterambere rizongera cyane ubushobozi bwaryo, rigakomeza kwihuta ku isoko ryacu. Ku bijyanye n’iterambere ririho ubu ry’inganda zitanga imashini zitanga ibiribwa, haracyari icyuho kinini. Nubwo habayeho iterambere rikomeye, * ahanini ni icyuho kinini mu ikoranabuhanga. Ubu abantu barimo gushaka umwanya wa mbere mu iterambere, kandi bazakomeza kuduha uburyo bwo kubona imashini zitanga ibiribwa zigezweho.

Inganda zikora imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zigenda zitera imbere zatumye isoko rikenera cyane imashini zitunganya ibiribwa, ikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu iterambere ry’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zo mu Bushinwa, ikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu iterambere ry’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zo mu Bushinwa, ikaba ari yo mpamvu zitanga umusaruro n’ibyifuzo byazo, kandi izakomeza kuduha amahirwe meza y’ubucuruzi. Mu gihe cy’iterambere ry’imibereho myiza, iterambere ry’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa mu Bushinwa ryageze ku rwego rwo kubanza gutanga umusaruro, ari na yo mpamvu twatangiye gukora! Kimwe n’imashini zacu zitunganya imigati, udushya n’iterambere byageze ku rwego mpuzamahanga rwa mbere, ari na yo mpamvu dusabwa!

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, icyifuzo cy’inganda zikora imashini zitunganya ibiribwa mu gihugu cyagiye gihinduka buhoro buhoro kijya ku mashini zitunganya ibiribwa ziciriritse n’izikomeye. Mu gihe isoko ryose ryakomeje kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, isoko ry’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryinshi ryariyongereye. Igipimo cy’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryinshi cyazamutse kigera ku kigero kirenga 60%. Imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zirimo gutera imbere mu rwego rwo kwihuta, gukora neza, gukora neza no kurengera ibidukikije. Ariko, imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryinshi mu gihugu ahanini zishingiye ku bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu riracyari hasi. Dushobora kuvuga ko imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryinshi kandi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryinshi zizaba ari zo ziteza imbere inganda.
Imashini zipakira ibiryo zigomba kuba nziza cyane

Kugeza ubu, iterambere ry’inganda z’ibiribwa mu Bushinwa ryageze ku bintu bimwe na bimwe kandi rikomeje gukomeza iterambere rihamye. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, iterambere ry’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa mu gihugu riracyafite ibintu bimwe na bimwe bibangamira iterambere. Ukurikije iterambere ry’inganda zose n’isoko, ikoranabuhanga ryasigaye inyuma, ibikoresho bishaje, nibindi biri kubangamira iterambere ry’ibigo. Ibigo byinshi by’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa birimo kugerageza gusimbuza ibicuruzwa, ariko byinshi birimo gutera imbere bishingiye gusa ku bikoresho by’umwimerere, bishobora kuvugwa ko nta mpinduka mu isupu, nta guhanga udushya n’iterambere, ndetse no kutagira ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Mu by’ukuri, urwego rw’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru muri iki gihe ni rwo rubabaza iterambere ry’inganda zitunganya ibiribwa zo mu gihugu. Mu gihe cyo guhindura imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga, havutse isoko rinini ry’inganda zitunganya ibiribwa. Ariko, ibicuruzwa bitunganya ibiribwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigaragaza imbaraga z’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa kandi zunguka cyane byigaruriwe n’ibihugu by’amahanga. Ubu Ubudage, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Ubuyapani biri guhatana cyane ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa.

Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa biteza imbere ibigo by’imashini zikora ibiribwa birangwa no kuzigama abakozi, ubwenge bwinshi, imikorere yoroshye, umusaruro mwinshi n’ibicuruzwa bihamye.

Imashini zipfunyika ibiribwa zigomba gutezwa imbere kugira ngo zikore neza kandi zikoreshe ingufu nke

Mu myaka 20 cyangwa 30 ishize, nubwo isura y'ibikoresho bya mekanike itahindutse cyane, mu by'ukuri, imikorere yabyo yariyongereye cyane, bituma birushaho kuba abahanga kandi bigenzurwa. Fata urugero rw'icyuma gikaranga gihoraho. Binyuze mu mpinduka mu bya tekiniki, ibicuruzwa bikorerwa muri iki gicuruzwa ntibiba gusa bifite ubuziranenge bumwe, ahubwo binagenda buhoro mu kwangirika kwa peteroli. Gukora neza ntibisaba kuvanga intoki nk'uko bisanzwe, ibyo bikagabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi n'amavuta ku bigo. Ikiguzi cy'umwaka cyazigamwe kigera kuri 20% "Ibikoresho byo gupakira bya sosiyete byageze ku buhanga. Imashini ishobora gukoreshwa n'umuntu umwe gusa. Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisa mbere, bizigama abakozi 8. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bifite icyuma gikonjesha, gitsinda inenge yo kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bisa, kandi ibicuruzwa bipakiye biba byiza kurushaho.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibigo bicuruza imashini zitunganya ibiribwa byo mu gihugu byateye imbere cyane mu kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga, amahame y’ipatanti no kubaka ikirango hagamijwe iterambere no guhanga udushya. Ibyo ibigo byinshi bikomeye mu nganda byagezeho mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere byatangiye guhindura ibintu biteye isoni ko ibigo bitunganya imashini zitunganya ibiribwa bishobora gufata inzira mpuzamahanga yo hasi. Ariko muri rusange, ntabwo bishoboka ko ibigo by’Abashinwa bitunganya imashini zitunganya ibiribwa birenga Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nibura mu myaka icumi iri imbere.

Inganda zikora imashini zitunganya ibiribwa mu gihugu zirimo gukura cyane. Kurushaho kunoza imiterere y’ubushobozi bwo gukora no guteza imbere imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zigezweho bizaba intego z’ingenzi z’intambwe ikurikira yo guteza imbere inganda. Kurushaho kunoza ubwiyongere bw’inganda, kunoza imiterere y’ubushobozi bwo gukora, no kunoza ubushakashatsi n’iterambere n’ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini zitunganya ibiribwa zigezweho bizaba ari ibisabwa by’ibanze kugira ngo intego yo kuba igihugu gikomeye cy’imashini zitunganya ibiribwa igerweho. Ikoranabuhanga, imari n’ibiciro ku isi byatumye urwego rw’inganda zitunganya ibiribwa rutera imbere vuba. Bikekwa ko inganda zitunganya ibiribwa mu Bushinwa, zifite ubushobozi butagira imipaka, zizagaragara cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga.